Short answer
To fast biblically means intentionally abstaining from food, or other normal comforts, for a period to seek God more intently through prayer and repentance. It is a spiritual discipline focused on humbling oneself before God, prioritizing Him above physical needs, and deepening one's relationship with Him, always done with the right heart attitude and motive.
What Scripture says
"“And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward. But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, that your fasting may not be seen by others but by your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you."
"“Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover him, and not to hide yourself from your own flesh?"
"“Yet even now,” declares the Lord, “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning; and rend your hearts and not your garments.” Return to the Lord your God, for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love; and he relents over disaster."
"While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off."
Going deeper
Biblical fasting is a powerful spiritual discipline where believers voluntarily abstain from food (and sometimes other comforts) for a set period to devote themselves to prayer, worship, and seeking God's will. It's not about manipulating God or earning His favor, but rather about humbling ourselves before Him, expressing our dependence, and creating space to hear from Him more clearly. Throughout Scripture, fasting is often associated with repentance, seeking guidance, interceding for others, or preparing for significant spiritual endeavors.
The way to fast biblically involves both external practice and internal motives. Jesus teaches us in Matthew 6:16-18 to fast in secret, not for the applause of others, but for the approval of our Father who sees in secret. This means focusing on the spiritual nature of the fast, rather than drawing attention to our physical withdrawal. While abstaining from food is the most common form, some fasts may involve abstaining from media, entertainment, or other distractions that consume our time and attention, all with the goal of redirecting that focus onto God.
Crucially, a truly biblical fast is accompanied by a humble and repentant heart, as seen in Joel 2:12-13. Isaiah 58 clearly outlines that God is not interested in mere outward observance of fasting if it's not accompanied by justice, mercy, and compassion for others. Our acts of self-denial should lead us to greater love for God and our neighbors, prompting us to 'loose the bonds of wickedness' and 'share your bread with the hungry.' Fasting should transform our hearts and actions, making them more aligned with God's character.
Practically, when preparing to fast, consider praying about the duration, type, and specific purpose of your fast. It's wise to consult with a doctor if you have health concerns. During the fast, devote the time you would normally spend eating or engaging in the activity you've given up to prayer, Bible reading, meditation, and worship. Remember, the true power of biblical fasting comes not from the act of abstaining itself, but from the intentional drawing near to God in the process.
Key takeaways
- Biblical fasting involves intentionally abstaining from food or other comforts to seek God more deeply.
- The primary goal of fasting is to humble oneself before God, express dependence, and deepen prayer.
- Jesus teaches us to fast in secret, focusing on God's approval rather than human recognition.
- True biblical fasting includes a repentant heart and leads to acts of justice and compassion.
- Plan your fast with prayer, considering your health, and use the time to draw near to God through His Word and prayer.
A prayer
Heavenly Father, thank You for the discipline of fasting, which draws us closer to You. Help us to fast with humble hearts, seeking Your face and not the praise of others. May our periods of self-denial deepen our love for You and empower us to live out Your justice and mercy in the world. Amen.